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The presence of glutamate synthase in the green algae var. has been demonstrated using a whole cell assay as well as cell free extracts. The assay is complicated by the presence of glutamine (amino): α-oxoglutarate transaminase, but this enzyme can be inhibited by amino oxyacetate. The rates of glutamate synthase activity are sufficient to account for the known rates of nitrate assimilation to occur via the glutamine synthetase/glutamate synthase pathway. 相似文献
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The effects of exogenous proteins on the incorporation of [3H]-thymidine into DNA was studied in Novikoff hepatoma ascites cells incubated in Eagle's minimal essential medium. A liver cytosol fraction (8 mg protein/ml) caused approximately 80% inhibition of isotope incorporation. The inhibitory activity of cytosol fractions from Morris hepatomas 9618A2, 5123C, and 20 were inversely related to their growth rate. Under conditions in which there appeared to be a density dependent inhibition of growth, a mean 10-20% stimulation of isotope incorporation was observed after addition of total calf thymus histones and individual fractions in the concentration range of 100-400 microgram/ml. In experiments with lower cell concentrations, a 60% or greater increase in [3H]-thymidine incorporation could be obtained with total calf thymus histone and with F1 and arginine-rich histones from rat liver. At concentrations of 1-2 mg/ml, histones inhibited DNA synthesis. Bovine serum albumin had little effect on DNA synthesis. Polylysine caused an 80-90% inhibition at a concentration of 1 mg/ml, but stimulatory effects were detected under certain conditions at 10 microgram/ml. The results suggest critical dependence on the ratio of cell and exogenous protein concentration in the action of proteins on DNA synthesis. 相似文献
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Lea A. Condon Nicole Pietrasiak Roger Rosentreter David A. Pyke 《Restoration Ecology》2020,28(Z2):S75-S85
Restoration targets for biological soil crusts are largely unknown. We surveyed seven 80‐year‐old grazing exclosures across northern Nevada for biocrusts to quantify reference conditions at relatively undisturbed sites. Exclosures were associated with the following plant communities: Wyoming big sagebrush, black sagebrush, and areas co‐dominated by winterfat and Wyoming big sagebrush. Cover of biocrusts and shrubs were generally higher than other plant groups at these sites, regardless of being inside or outside of the exclosures, suggesting these groups make up most of the native flora across the region. Important in forming soil structure, cyanobacteria of the order Oscillatoriales were less abundant and diverse in black sagebrush communities. Grazing had a negative effect on the abundance of Oscillatoriales but not the number of algal taxa, including cyanobacteria. Abundance of light algal crusts were not influenced by plant community or grazing. Dark algal crusts were generally less abundant on grazed sites. Influences of plant community and grazing were most apparent when accounting for reproductive rates of lichens and mosses based on establishment mechanisms. Abundance of shrubs, perennial grasses, Oscillatoriales, fast reproducing biocrusts and the number of algal and cyanobacterial taxa, varied by plant community, suggesting that restoration should be plant community specific. We demonstrate the affinity of rapidly reproducing biocrusts for winterfat‐Wyoming big sagebrush co‐dominated plant communities, regardless of grazing pressure. Across sites, the effects of grazing were most evident on the abundance of Oscillatoriales and slowly reproducing biocrusts following 80 years of cessation from grazing. 相似文献
36.
Biological soil crusts in ecological restoration: emerging research and perspectives 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Anita Antoninka Akasha Faist Emilio Rodriguez‐Caballero Kristina E. Young V. Bala Chaudhary Lea A. Condon David A. Pyke 《Restoration Ecology》2020,28(Z2):S3-S8
Drylands encompass over 40% of terrestrial ecosystems and face significant anthropogenic degradation causing a loss of ecosystem integrity, services, and deterioration of social‐ecological systems. To combat this degradation, some dryland restoration efforts have focused on the use of biological soil crusts (biocrusts): complex communities of cyanobacteria, algae, lichens, bryophytes, and other organisms living in association with the top millimeters of soil. Biocrusts are common in many ecosystems and especially drylands. They perform a suite of ecosystem functions: stabilizing soil surfaces to prevent erosion, contributing carbon through photosynthesis, fixing nitrogen, and mediating the hydrological cycle in drylands. Biocrusts have emerged as a potential tool in restoration; developing methods to implement effective biocrust restoration has the potential to return many ecosystem functions and services. Although culture‐based approaches have allowed researchers to learn about the biology, physiology, and cultivation of biocrusts, transferring this knowledge to field implementation has been more challenging. A large amount of research has amassed to improve our understanding of biocrust restoration, leaving us at an opportune time to learn from one another and to join approaches for maximum efficacy. The articles in this special issue improve the state of our current knowledge in biocrust restoration, highlighting efforts to effectively restore biocrusts through a variety of different ecosystems, across scales and utilizing a variety of lab and field methods. This collective work provides a useful resource for the scientific community as well as land managers. 相似文献
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Gingold-Belfer Rachel Levy Sigal Layfer Olga Pakanaev Lea Niv Yaron Dickman Ram Perets Tsachi Tsadok 《Probiotics and antimicrobial proteins》2020,12(1):112-118
Probiotics and Antimicrobial Proteins - Lactose intolerance is a common condition caused by lactase deficiency and may result in symptoms of lactose malabsorption (bloating, flatulence, abdominal... 相似文献
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Silvia Fernández-Lugo Luis Alberto Bermejo Lea de Nascimento Javier Méndez Agustín Naranjo-Cigala José Ramón Arévalo 《Plant Ecology》2013,214(4):641-656
In this study, we inquire into the effects of short-term goat grazing abandonment on plant species and functional composition, bare ground and net primary productivity (NPP) in two traditionally grazed pastures located in the Canarian Network of Natural Protected Areas and the Natura 2000 Network. In addition, we analyse soil chemical properties, biomass tannin content and energetic value to find out how grazing abandonment affects soil fertility and forage quality of these agroecosystems. Grazing exclusion effects on plant species and functional composition, as well as on soil fertility depended on the productivity of the studied pasture. Erect forbs and shrubs (endemic to Macaronesian region and native) were favoured by grazing removal in the most productive pasture, while soil fertility decreased in the driest and least productive site. An increase in NPP after exclusion was consistent among study sites. Although we consider goat grazing as necessary for maintaining traditional agroecosystems, we also suggest controlling it over time, allowing some periods of rest to give endemic shrub species time to recover from near propagule sources. 相似文献
40.
Sascha M. Kirchner Lea Hiltunen Thomas F. D?ring Elina Virtanen Jukka P. Palohuhta Jari P. T. Valkonen 《PloS one》2013,8(8)